Serializable:明明就一个空接口!为什么还要实现它?
(给ImportNew加星标,提高Java技能)
转自:Java极客技术--作者沉默王二
01、先来点理论
public interface Serializable {
}
02、再来点实战
getter/setter
),用于序列化和反序列化。 class Wanger {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 初始化
Wanger wanger = new Wanger();
wanger.setName("王二");
wanger.setAge(18);
System.out.println(wanger);
// 把对象写到文件中
try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("chenmo"));){
oos.writeObject(wanger);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 从文件中读出对象
try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("chenmo")));){
Wanger wanger1 = (Wanger) ois.readObject();
System.out.println(wanger1);
} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
java.io.NotSerializableException: com.cmower.java_demo.xuliehua.Wanger
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1184)
at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:348)
at com.cmower.java_demo.xuliehua.Test.main(Test.java:21)
if (obj instanceof String) {
writeString((String) obj, unshared);
} else if (cl.isArray()) {
writeArray(obj, desc, unshared);
} else if (obj instanceof Enum) {
writeEnum((Enum<?>) obj, desc, unshared);
} else if (obj instanceof Serializable) {
writeOrdinaryObject(obj, desc, unshared);
} else {
if (extendedDebugInfo) {
throw new NotSerializableException(
cl.getName() + "\n" + debugInfoStack.toString());
} else {
throw new NotSerializableException(cl.getName());
}
}
也就是说,ObjectOutputStream 在序列化的时候,会判断被序列化的对象是哪一种类型,字符串?数组?枚举?还是 Serializable,如果全都不是的话,抛出 NotSerializableException。
假如 Wanger 实现了 Serializable 接口,就可以序列化和反序列化了。
class Wanger implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2095916884810199532L;
private String name;
private int age;
}
以ObjectOutputStream 为例吧,它在序列化的时候会依次调用 writeObject()→writeObject0()→writeOrdinaryObject()→writeSerialData()→invokeWriteObject()→defaultWriteFields()。
private void defaultWriteFields(Object obj, ObjectStreamClass desc)
throws IOException
{
Class<?> cl = desc.forClass();
desc.checkDefaultSerialize();
int primDataSize = desc.getPrimDataSize();
desc.getPrimFieldValues(obj, primVals);
bout.write(primVals, 0, primDataSize, false);
ObjectStreamField[] fields = desc.getFields(false);
Object[] objVals = new Object[desc.getNumObjFields()];
int numPrimFields = fields.length - objVals.length;
desc.getObjFieldValues(obj, objVals);
for (int i = 0; i < objVals.length; i++) {
try {
writeObject0(objVals[i],
fields[numPrimFields + i].isUnshared());
}
}
}
private void defaultWriteFields(Object obj, ObjectStreamClass desc)
throws IOException
{
Class<?> cl = desc.forClass();
desc.checkDefaultSerialize();
int primDataSize = desc.getPrimDataSize();
desc.getPrimFieldValues(obj, primVals);
bout.write(primVals, 0, primDataSize, false);
ObjectStreamField[] fields = desc.getFields(false);
Object[] objVals = new Object[desc.getNumObjFields()];
int numPrimFields = fields.length - objVals.length;
desc.getObjFieldValues(obj, objVals);
for (int i = 0; i < objVals.length; i++) {
try {
writeObject0(objVals[i],
fields[numPrimFields + i].isUnshared());
}
}
}
03、再来点注意事项
class Wanger implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2095916884810199532L;
private String name;
private int age;
public static String pre = "沉默";
transient String meizi = "王三";
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Wanger{" + "name=" + name + ",age=" + age + ",pre=" + pre + ",meizi=" + meizi + "}";
}
}
// 初始化
Wanger wanger = new Wanger();
wanger.setName("王二");
wanger.setAge(18);
System.out.println(wanger);
// 把对象写到文件中
try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("chenmo"));){
oos.writeObject(wanger);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 改变 static 字段的值
Wanger.pre ="不沉默";
// 从文件中读出对象
try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("chenmo")));){
Wanger wanger1 = (Wanger) ois.readObject();
System.out.println(wanger1);
} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// Wanger{name=王二,age=18,pre=沉默,meizi=王三}
// Wanger{name=王二,age=18,pre=不沉默,meizi=null}
从结果的对比当中,我们可以发现:
1)序列化前,pre 的值为“沉默”,序列化后,pre 的值修改为“不沉默”,反序列化后,pre 的值为“不沉默”,而不是序列化前的状态“沉默”。
为什么呢?因为序列化保存的是对象的状态,而 static 修饰的字段属于类的状态,因此可以证明序列化并不保存 static 修饰的字段。
2)序列化前,meizi 的值为“王三”,反序列化后,meizi 的值为 null,而不是序列化前的状态“王三”。
为什么呢?transient 的中文字义为“临时的”(论英语的重要性),它可以阻止字段被序列化到文件中,在被反序列化后,transient 字段的值被设为初始值,比如 int 型的初始值为 0,对象型的初始值为 null。
如果想要深究源码的话,你可以在 ObjectStreamClass 中发现下面这样的代码:
private static ObjectStreamField[] getDefaultSerialFields(Class<?> cl) {
Field[] clFields = cl.getDeclaredFields();
ArrayList<ObjectStreamField> list = new ArrayList<>();
int mask = Modifier.STATIC | Modifier.TRANSIENT;
int size = list.size();
return (size == 0) ? NO_FIELDS :
list.toArray(new ObjectStreamField[size]);
}
04、再来点干货
class Wanger implements Externalizable {
private String name;
private int age;
public Wanger() {
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Wanger{" + "name=" + name + ",age=" + age + "}";
}
@Override
public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
}
@Override
public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
}
}
java.io.InvalidClassException: com.cmower.java_demo.xuliehua1.Wanger; no valid constructor
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass$ExceptionInfo.newInvalidClassException(ObjectStreamClass.java:150)
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.checkDeserialize(ObjectStreamClass.java:790)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:1782)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1353)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:373)
at com.cmower.java_demo.xuliehua1.Test.main(Test.java:27)
// 初始化
Wanger wanger = new Wanger();
wanger.setName("王二");
wanger.setAge(18);
System.out.println(wanger);
// 把对象写到文件中
try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("chenmo"));) {
oos.writeObject(wanger);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 从文件中读出对象
try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("chenmo")));) {
Wanger wanger1 = (Wanger) ois.readObject();
System.out.println(wanger1);
} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// Wanger{name=王二,age=18}
// Wanger{name=null,age=0}
@Override
public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeObject(name);
out.writeInt(age);
}
@Override
public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
name = (String) in.readObject();
age = in.readInt();
}
序列化前:Wanger{name=王二,age=18}
序列化后:Wanger{name=王二,age=18}
05、再来点甜点
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L。
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2095916884810199532L;
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
class Wanger implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2095916884810199532L;
private String name;
private int age;
// 其他代码忽略
}
// 初始化
Wanger wanger = new Wanger();
wanger.setName("王二");
wanger.setAge(18);
System.out.println(wanger);
// 把对象写到文件中
try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("chenmo"));) {
oos.writeObject(wanger);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// private static final long serialVersionUID = -2095916884810199532L;
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2095916884810199533L;
好了,准备反序列化吧。
try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("chenmo")));) {
Wanger wanger = (Wanger) ois.readObject();
System.out.println(wanger);
} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
哎呀,出错了。
java.io.InvalidClassException: local class incompatible: stream classdesc
serialVersionUID = -2095916884810199532,
local class serialVersionUID = -2095916884810199533
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readClassDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1521)
at com.cmower.java_demo.xuliehua1.Test.main(Test.java:27)
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
class Wanger3 implements Serializable {
// 省略其他代码
}
好了,再来一次反序列化吧。可惜依然报错。
java.io.InvalidClassException: local class incompatible: stream classdesc
serialVersionUID = -2095916884810199532,
local class serialVersionUID = -3818877437117647968
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readClassDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1521)
at com.cmower.java_demo.xuliehua1.Test.main(Test.java:27)
class Wanger implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
// 省略其他代码
}
06、再来点总结
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